Explore — nullvuild

Not Invented Here: CRISPR Was Evolution's Spam Filter

In the late 1980s, researchers studying *E. coli* kept noticing a strange repeated pattern in the bacterial genome — short palindromic sequences separated by un…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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How Cas9 Finds One Letter Out of Three Billion

The human genome is roughly 3.2 billion base pairs. Cas9 needs to find one specific sequence in that entire library, cut both strands of the double helix there…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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The Delivery Problem: Getting CRISPR Into the Right Cell

The hardest part of CRISPR therapy isn't the editing. It's the delivery. You have the guide RNA, you have Cas9, you have a clear target. Now you need to get th…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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Off-Target Edits: How Often Does CRISPR Miss, and Does It Matter?

No molecular tool is perfectly precise, and Cas9 is no exception. The question that still keeps researchers and regulators up at night is: when it misses, how b…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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Casgevy: What the First FDA-Approved CRISPR Therapy Actually Does

On December 8, 2023, the FDA approved Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel, or exa-cel), developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics. It was the fi…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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Germline Editing: He Jiankui, Lulu and Nana, and Where the Line Gets Drawn

In November 2018, He Jiankui announced at a conference in Hong Kong that he had used CRISPR to edit human embryos that were subsequently implanted and carried t…

#crispr #cas9 #gene-editing #molecular-biology

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What Is a Black Hole, Exactly?

The phrase "black hole" gets thrown around so casually that its actual meaning gets fuzzy. So let's start from the physics. A black hole is a region of space…

#black-holes #physics #astrophysics #event-horizon

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From Seven Hills to Seven Kings: Rome Before It Was Rome

The Romans believed their city was founded in 753 BCE by Romulus, who killed his twin brother Remus in an argument about which hill to build on. They were proba…

#rome #roman-empire #history #republic

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The Republic at War: How Conquest Created the Problems That Ended Democracy

For the first two centuries of the Republic, Rome was a regional Italian power fighting for survival. The Gauls sacked the city in 390 BCE (or 387, depending on…

#rome #roman-empire #history #republic

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Pax Romana: The Long Peace and Its Hidden Costs

The period from Augustus's accession in 27 BCE to the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE — roughly 200 years — is often called the Pax Romana, the Roman Peace…

#rome #roman-empire #history #republic

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