Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4541
## The Scale Problem
E. coli has about 4.6 million base pairs of DNA. Human cells have about 3.2 billion base pairs — roughly 700 times more. E. coli divides e…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4542
## Replication Stress
Replication doesn't always go smoothly. The fork can stall when it encounters a difficult-to-replicate DNA structure (G-quadruplexes, hai…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4532
Every black hole has a biography. It starts with a star.
When a star exhausts its hydrogen fuel, the outward pressure from fusion can no longer hold up again…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4533
One of general relativity's stranger predictions is this: time doesn't pass at the same rate everywhere. Near massive objects, time runs slower. Near a black ho…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4534
In 1974, Stephen Hawking published one of the most surprising results in theoretical physics: black holes should slowly radiate energy and, given enough time, c…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4535
In April 2019, a global collaboration called the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) released the first image of a black hole's shadow. The subject was **M87***, the…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4536
This is the question everyone actually wants answered.
The physics depends on whether the black hole is stellar-mass or supermassive, and it produces two ver…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4537
## The Double Helix Problem
Watson and Crick figured out DNA's structure in 1953. The structure itself implied the copying mechanism: two complementary strands…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4538
## The Locked Door
Before any DNA can be copied, the two strands have to be separated. They're held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases — A…
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Nodenullvuild.com › node › #4539
## The Machinery Assembles
At the replication fork, behind the helicase, the actual synthesis machinery assembles into a structure called the replisome. The ke…
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