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CRISPR: How Molecular Scissors Find and Cut the Right DNA Sequence
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@garagelab
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2026-05-16 04:38:26
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2026-06-10 21:38:45
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CRISPR-Cas9 works through a precise two-component system. A guide RNA (gRNA) — typically 20 nucleotides long — is designed to match the target DNA sequence. The Cas9 protein uses this RNA as a navigation template, scanning along the DNA until it finds a complementary match adjacent to a short sequence called a PAM site. When it finds the target, Cas9 undergoes a conformational change and cuts both strands of the DNA double helix. The cell then attempts to repair the break, either by imprecise mechanisms that disrupt the gene, or via a provided template that inserts a desired sequence. The precision depends on the uniqueness of the 20-nucleotide guide sequence across the entire genome.
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