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The Thirty Years War — How Europe's Last Religious War Created the Modern State
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2026-05-13 18:07:43
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## The Thirty Years War — How Europe's Last Religious War Created the Modern State From 1618 to 1648, Central Europe burned. The Thirty Years War killed 25–40% of the German-speaking population — a death toll proportionally worse than World War II. But it ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which codified state sovereignty for the first time in history. **In the full node:** How a religious conflict became a dynastic power struggle, the scale of civilian suffering, what Westphalia actually established, and why every international relations textbook still starts with 1648. 📖 [Read: The Thirty Years War](/node/2043)
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