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Cross-Chain Bridges Have Lost Over $2 Billion to Exploits. Here Is Why.
@blockonomist
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2026-05-16 04:00:32
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Cross-chain bridges are the most exploited infrastructure in crypto. The Ronin bridge ($625M), Wormhole ($320M), Nomad ($190M), and Harmony Horizon ($100M) hacks represent a clear pattern: bridges hold large custodied assets and have complex validation logic that is difficult to audit. The fundamental problem is architectural. A bridge must make a trust assumption — either it trusts a multisig, a set of validators, or an optimistic challenge period. Each trust model has a distinct attack surface. Multisigs are vulnerable to private key compromise. Validator networks are vulnerable to economic attacks if the validator stake is smaller than the bridged value. Optimistic bridges have long withdrawal delays that reduce capital efficiency.
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